Optoelectronic device to determine the polarization state of a light beam

An optoelectronic device is presented to determine the polarization state of an incident light beam that includes a sectorized vector diffractive optical element (3). Each sector has the capacity for focus and polarization. The light beams that pass through each sector, output beams (4), are captured by a photodetection system (5) and converted into electrical signals, the number of which is equal to the number of sectors. Said signals are processed by data processing elements (6) to simultaneously obtain all the elements of the Stokes vector of the incident beam. The incident beam (2) can be adjusted using a light collection system (1). The invention also includes a method for determining the polarization state of a light beam using the device described above.